Demerits of Library Card Catalogue. Space Eater: Card catalogue eats space. It is its biggest demerits. Difficult to transport: Card Catalogue is not easily portable due to its size and bulk.
Less protected: Card catalogue is less protected; there are opportunities of card being removed easily. Library catalogues have traditionally been the access point between the library user and the collection. Broadly speaking, the general function of the library catalogue is to allow the user to successfully find, identify, select and obtain resources Tillett The Jenks Natural Breaks Classification or Optimization system is a data classification method designed to optimize the arrangement of a set of values into "natural" classes.
A class range is composed of items with similar characteristics that form a "natural" group within a data set.
The drawbacks are: Bacteria cannot be called plants because they are prokaryotic organisms and some of them even possess flagella which helps in movement. This is why the five kingdom classification is the best and is adjusted according to the drawbacks in the two kingdom classification.
Class breaks are created in a way that best groups similar values together and maximizes the differences between classes. The features are divided into classes whose boundaries are set where there are relatively big differences in the data values. Typically, there are four classifications for data: public, internal-only, confidential, and restricted. Types of classification - Taxonomy. Taxonomic entities are classified in three ways.
They are artificial classification, natural classification and phylogenetic classification. Electronic Dewey The Electronic Dewey, which is a highly value added online version of the DDC, can be searched by words or phrases, numbers, index terms, and Boolean operations.
The standard views are: a Search view—search window and DDC number window b Browse view—search window, DDC pages window, and DDC number window c Scan view—Index window, Search window, and DDC number window d Summary view—DDC summary window, Search window, DDC pages window, and DDC numberwindow In any view users can: maximize any window to see a larger displaychoose display to see appropriate LCSH choose bibliographic record to see a sample record using the number selected change LCSH to review the frequency of headings used with the number print contents of a window may by choosing Print; choose Notes to make a permanent record of a DDC number and its specific use choose Past to review the searches made during the current session use Help to understand a term or procedure WebDewey has an augmented index with natural language terms from other thesauri to provide an enhanced access.
Some of the important advantages of WebDewey over the traditional print version are: a Keyword access to the entire print DDC b Additional terms and subject headings for search c Hierarchic display d Standard and formulable view e Dragging and dropping of numbers and terms f Automatic cuttering for book numbers with two options for constructing four-figure or three figure cutter numbers However, the basic principles and number building techniques are the same.
Schedules A schedule is a systematic list of classes and their subdivisions arranged in a logical way. Classification schedules comprise the following elements: The division and subdivisions of main classes hierarchically or in faceted mode Facets, generated by facet analysis Sub-facets arrays , formed by the subdivision of the facets by a single characteristic at a time Above all, in the beginning, a summary of main classes and their further division is given, serving as a broader map of the knowledge covered.
Apart from providing an overview of the subject, summaries save the time of the classifiers in locating the desired subdivision. Example Aida Slavic , p. Examples of combination s : Division of Classes The division of classes must be step by step, that is, by one characteristic at a time. Enumerative Approach Enumerative classifications typically start out with a hierarchical structure and list or enumerate concepts within it.
The enumerative method has the following problems Buchannan, , pp, : Successive divisions can only properly cover one type of relationship, i. Successive subdivisions of classes may be carried unnecessarily, ignoring the literary warrant.
Some topics may get repeated under different arrays. That may lead to cross classification. Rowley and Farrow summarize some of the advantages of enumerative classifications as follow: [Although] there is a temptation to dismiss enumerative classification as antiquated and inflexible, [ In a faceted approach: Only isolated concepts assigned to a few ordained categories are listed in arrays and chains.
Compound and complex classes are formed by synthesis only. Classification is easily hospitable to new subjects. This hospitality is multidimensional. Class numbers are customized to be co-extensive with the subject of the document. Structure of subject is transparent. Schedules of subjects are short and slim, but their class number turning capacity is almost infinite According to Broughton some of the advantages of faceted classifications over enumerative classifications include: If the structure has a specified order of combination, or citation order, it can be populated with combinations of attributes to generate a more complex structure very similar to an enumerative classification, but with a more rigorous and logical pattern to it p.
With an accurate analysis, the members of an array in a faceted classification are all mutually exclusive classes, while enumerative systems on the other hand often produce groupings of classes that are not mutually exclusive p.
Where a faceted classification differs most significantly from an enumerative classification is in its potential to combine terms from different facets: the relationships between facets, and between terms from different facets — the inter-facet relationships pp.
Faceted classification provides a source of vocabulary for the thesaurus; the very structure of the classification helps the identification of the relationships between terms that is essential to the thesaurus. Relations in Library Classification Classification is all about relations. Semantic Relations Semantic relations are hierarchical, cognate, collocative, and filial. Within the overall general to specific order there are four sub-orders: General treated generally General treated specially Special treated generally Special treated specially 3.
Main Classes In both systems the first division is by broad classes called main classes. Generalia Class As its name implies this is the general works class provided to accommodate such books as general encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines, and other poly-topical books, or form classes such as serials, manuscripts, museums, anthologies which cover knowledge in general, or such a portion of it that is impossible to place under any other main class in the schedules.
Form Divisions A book on any particular subject may deal with that subject in various ways, from different viewpoints or in different forms. Form vs. Subject Many of the terms representing these forms also correspond to terms used in the main schedules for specific subjects.
Devices for Synthesis and Phase Relations A schedule, always equipped with many notes, instructions, devices, and techniques, is more than a systematic list of subjects. Summarizing its usefulness, a notation: is a guide to the sequence of subjects. It places a term in the hierarchy of the schedules. A notation serves to denote the classes, their subdivisions, and the order in which these are arranged without in any way naming or defining them explicitly.
It mechanizes the shelf arrangement when documents are replaced at their proper shelves after their use. The symbol attached to an index entry is the only means of quick reference to the place of the topic in the schedules.
The notation is that piece of apparatus without which a book classification cannot function. The Qualities of an Ideal Notation Some are essential and some only desirable.
A notational system: should convey order clearly and automatically; should desirably be as brief, simple, and mnemonic as possible without compromising its efficacy; and should be hospitable to new subjects, i. This is particularly true for the schedules of a book classification, which must be of a semi-permanent nature. Knowledge is growing turbulently since the midth century.
In the information and communications technology era, its speed of growth has become tremendous. All this knowledge must be assimilated, mapped, organized, and even reorganized. It is here that the hospitality of the notation is of paramount importance. Notation is the most essential quality for survival of a classification system. Among existing general classification the notation of BC-2 is an ideal.
Types of Notation There are two types of notation by pedigree: pure and mixed. Inspectors Intelligence Attaches Spies Choice of a notational system can benefit or be detrimental to a classification. Book Numbers In a library classification, the class number alone is not able to provide a unique place to a document on the shelves Satija, , p.
The index to the classification schedules has two purposes: to locate topics within the classification to bring together related aspects of a subject that appear in more than one place in the schedules, that is to collocate the distributed relatives of a subject. The index brings together what the schedules scatter. There are two types of indexes: Specific, which gives one entry only for each topic mentioned in the schedules in an alphabetically linear way.
Relative, which enumerates mentioned topics, all synonyms, and, to a great extent, shows the relation of each subject to other subjects.
Perhaps the best example of a full relative index is that appended to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and to the DDC. The relative index of the DDC shows relations between subjects. The index of the WebDewey is even much more augmented. In fact, the relative index is a supplementary approach to knowledge organization by discipline.
In the present era, all classifications divide knowledge by discipline. A library classification should be formulated with due regard to the literary warrant, aiming to provide a place for every type of subject and document. A library classification should be systematic, proceeding from the general to the specific. The arrangement of the classes and subdivisions should be made with constant regard for the main purpose of the library classification-the securing of a helpful order convenient to the majority of users.
The terms used must be clear and currently accompanied, where necessary, by full definitions. They must refer to the scope of the headings and be equipped with notes and instructions for the guidance of the classifier. The notation of the library classification should be equitably apportioned and capable of allowing alternative locations for certain subjects or classes. It should make a genuine provision for local variations. The library classification should be equipped with: a generalia and form classes.
References Broughton, V. The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval. Buchanan, B. Theory of library classification. London: Bingley. Comaromi, J. Manual on the use of the Dewey Decimal Classification, Edition Albany, NY: Forest Press. Curwen, A. Revision of classification schemes: Policies and practices. Journal of Librarianship, 10 1 , Facet analysis: The logical approach to knowledge organization. Information Processing and Management, 40, Is facet analysis based on rationalism?
Knowledge Organization, 41, Hunter, E. Classification made simple 3rd ed. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing. Koch, T. Stretching conceptual structures in classifications across languages and cultures. Maltby, A. Sayers manual of classification for librarians 5th ed. London: Andre Deutsch. Mills, J. A modern outline of library classification. Bombay: Asia. Palmer, B. Itself an education: Six lectures on classification. London: The Library Association. Philips, H.
A primer of book classification 5th ed. London: AAL. Ranganathan, S. Self-perpetuating scheme of classification. Journal of Documentation, 4, General and special classification: Papers presented to the second International Study Conference on Classification Research Elsinore, Atherton Ed.
Copenhagen: Munksgaard, Prolegomena to library classification 3rd ed. Mumbai: Asia. Ranganathan and was used in his faceted classification scheme called Colon Classification. The basic idea was that any component or facet of a subject can fit into five fundamental categories: Personality, Matter, Energy, Space and Time which became the major focus of classification research from onwards resulting in to the Colon Classification.
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel. Facebook Twitter Instagram. Classification Classification Scheme. Related Posts. Depth classification December 7, Thesaurus : An overview December 3, A class range is composed of items with similar characteristics that form a "natural" group within a data set. There are three types of inner forms of a catalogue, viz.
Author, Name, Title, Subject and Dictionary catalogue fall in the category of an alphabetical catalogue. A Classified Catalogue is so named because it is arranged in a classified order. An enumerative classification contains a full set of entries for all concepts. A faceted classification system uses a set of semantically cohesive categories that are combined as needed to create an expression of a concept. Many library classifications combine the enumerative and faceted classification techniques.
So, in each classification one always distinguishes: 1 guiding principles; 2 properties; and 3 diagnostic characteristics. It renders useful assistance to the making up the collection for different entries or branches. Classification is use as the basis of recording issue books in the lending counter.
Help in the compilation of bibliography, catalogues, book list etc. The advantages of classifying organisms are as follows: i Classification facilitates the identification of organisms. The two main library classification systems are the Dewey Decimal system and the Library of Congress system.
Both are expandable tools for sorting books into categories, but they differ in how they categorize books and in the sorts of libraries that use them.
Ans: The characteristics of a good classification are: Comprehensiveness. It is efficiently working not only in print, but in online environment also. It was devised by Melvil Dewey in though it was conceived first in
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