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The most common TLEs include red sprites, blue jets, and elves. Sprites can appear directly above an active thunderstorm as a large but weak discharge. They usually happen at the same time as powerful positive CG lightning strokes. They can extend up to 60 miles from the cloud top.
Sprites are mostly red and usually last no more than a few seconds, and their shapes are described as resembling jellyfish, carrots, or columns. Because sprites are not very bright, they can only be seen at night.
They are rarely seen with the human eye, so they are most often imaged with highly sensitive cameras. Fun fact: Aircraft pilots occasionally reported seeing lightning above storms for many years before researchers documented sprites and other TLEs with sensitive video cameras. Blue jets and gigantic jets emerge from the top of the thundercloud, but are not directly associated with cloud-to-ground lightning.
They extend up in narrow cones fanning out and disappearing at heights of miles. Gigantic jets go even higher to the ionosphere. Blue jets last a fraction of a second and have been witnessed by pilots. Elves are rapidly expanding disk-shaped regions of glowing that can be up to miles across. They last less than a thousandth of a second, and occur above areas of active cloud to ground lightning.
Lightning is one of the oldest observed natural phenomena on earth. It can be seen in volcanic eruptions, extremely intense forest fires pyrocumulonimbus clouds , surface nuclear detonations, heavy snowstorms, in large hurricanes, and obviously, thunderstorms. What are cloud flashes? A cloud flash is lightning that occurs inside the cloud, travels from one part of a cloud to another, and some channels may extend into clear air.
Is it possible to have thunder without lightning? No, it is not possible to have thunder without lightning. Thunder starts as a shockwave from the explosively expanding lightning channel when a large current causes rapid heating.
However, it is possible that you might see lightning and not hear the thunder because it was too far away.
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