The rebel movements appear to have recruited from within certain tribes and clans in Darfur and the war has inevitably focused upon those areas of Darfur within which the insurgents chose to base themselves. Several hundred thousand civilians have chosen to flee and remove themselves from these war zones. The rebel movements in Darfur have claimed that they are fighting against underdevelopment and marginalisation. Every part of Sudan, north, south, east and west is underdeveloped and Darfur has been the focus of considerable government attention.
These claims should be assessed against the information and figures given below. Political participation: Since coming to power in , the Sudanese government has sought to introduce a federal model of government. Darfuris are very well represented within Sudan's political structures. There are seven federal government ministers from Darfur and Darfuris also hold, amongst other positions, a cabinet-rank presidential adviser position.
There are also four Darfuri state governors and Darfuris are also members of the supreme and constitutional court. Darfuri representation in the National Assembly is second only to the southern states. Education: There has been a continuous increase in education facilities in Darfur. For example, the number of primary schools in was , increasing to schools in There were schools in and this increased under the present government to schools in , in addition to mixed schools.
Secondary schools have increased from2 schools in to schools in The present government also established three universities in Darfur. Health: The number of hospitals in greater Darfur has increased under this government from 3 hospitals in to 23 hospitals by ; health centres have similarly increased from 20 to 24 and medical laboratories from 16 to Water Supplies: Water production levels have risen from 6 million cubic meters in to 11 million cubic meters in in addition to increased in natural water reserves from 1 ,, cubic meters in to12 ,, cubic meters in Water pump production in greater Darfur has also increased from1 ,, cubic meters in to 3,, cubic meters in During , the following water projects were implemented in greater Darfur: the installation of deep ground wells, the rehabilitation of ground wells, the building of 43 dykes and 30 dams, the drilling of hand pumps and the rehabilitation of hand pump wells.
Power Supplies: The total power generation in greater Darfur has risen under this government from2 , kilowatts in to4 , kws by Southern Darfur's power generation in particular grew in the same time from 3 to 7 megawatts in Nyala. Transport infrastructure: Greater Darfur accounts for 40 percent of airport and aerodrome infrastructure outside of the national capital. There are three international airports in Al-Fasher, Nyala, and al-Gineina with smaller airports elsewhere. All these were built under this government.
Prior to there was no real road infrastructure in Darfur. The government has initiated a number of road and bridge building programs to assist with communications in greater Darfur.
The conflict in Darfur presents a very complex situation with very complex problems, and understanding of which has already been made more difficult by the propaganda, which invariably accompanies war. The region is home to some 80 tribes and ethnic groups divided between nomads and sedentary communities.
The rebels appear to have been identified within two or three communities of the Fur, Massalit and the Zaghawa tribes which straddle the Sudan-Chad border. There are many dimensions to the conflict, regional, national and international. But, environmental factors - such as encroaching desertification - have led to considerable tension between nomads and more established farming communities.
The inter-tribal violence that has taken place in Darfur has, nevertheless, been portrayed by some anti-government activists and some international media and NGOs as "ethnic cleansing" and even "genocide". The activities of nomadic Arab tribesmen known as the "Janjaweed" have come into sharp focus. It is claimed that they are sponsored by the Government, which is not true. It is unclear exactly how much control anyone has over the "Janjaweed" gunmen, except their tribal leaders.
All wars lead to human rights violations. The conflict in Darfur has been no exception. And as is so often the case in war, the conflict has inevitably been caught up in the propaganda and misinformation that comes with it and that has certainly characterized previous coverage of Sudan. In its wake, efforts at conflict resolution will be hampered and the palpable presence of ethnic hostility will indeed constitute a concrete and tangible cause of future violent confrontations.
The international community has shown considerable attention to the Darfur crisis, especially given the humanitarian and security situation. Sudan has welcomed, hosted and facilitated a wide range of missions and delegations from western countries, and international and regional organisations.
September President George Bush and U. Secretary of State Colin Powell declared what was happening in Darfur to be genocide. JWW was formed. Although the warrants remain in force, Al-Bashir continues to preside over Sudan. Since the ICC does not have a police force, it must rely on individual states to arrest individuals indicted by the ICC.
December 14, President Omar al-Bashir was sentenced to two years in detention by a court in Khartoum after being convicted of money laundering and corruption. He was also indicted over genocide and war crimes by the ICC for his role in the Darfur conflict.
Teaches women how to sustainably feed their families with just a small plot of dry land. The program has successfully trained over 1, people in Eastern Chad in perma-gardening, improving food consumption, agricultural production, their ability to save money and their mental well-being, while indirectly benefiting approximately 3, family members.
This enabled participants and their families to increase their food consumption, diversify the food they consumed, save money, and generate income. Help us reach our goal of sustainable gardens for Darfuris survivors. Your tax-deductible donation supports our anti-genocide work at home and abroad.
Skip to content. Background What caused the Darfuri genocide? What are the main humanitarian challenges experienced by the Darfuris? What has JWW done to help the Darfuris previously? What more needs to be done? Crisis Timeline Considered to be the first genocide of the 21st century, the Darfur genocide began after rebels, led mainly by non-Arab Muslim sedentary tribes, including the Fur and Zaghawa, from the region, rose against the government.
Key Facts. Seeds of Survival. Plant a Garden. How You Can Help. Walk With Us. Support Our Work. Donate Now. In July , South Sudan gained independence from Sudan and became its own nation. In and , government forces backed by the Janjaweed led counterinsurgency campaigns in Darfur where they repeatedly attacked villages, burned and looted homes, and beat, raped, and executed villagers. Violence continued into Amnesty International alleged that the government used chemical weapons against civilians, and , people were displaced due to violence, according to the UN.
This ceasefire was extended until the end of However, throughout and , government forces continued to attack villages throughout Darfur, causing deaths and massive displacement of citizens.
As of late , over 2 million people remain displaced from the conflict and almost 5 million people in total have been affected. In April , President Omar al-Bashir was finally ousted. He had been in power for over 30 years and his removal was in response to months of unarmed protests, to which the government responded with armed retaliation.
Air campaigns are often followed by Janjaweed militia raids. All remaining village men, women, and children are either murdered or forced to flee. Looting, burning food stocks, enslaving and raping women and children, and stealing livestock are common.
Dead bodies are tossed in wells to contaminate water supplies and entire villages are burned to the ground. Bush called for the number of international troops in Darfur to be doubled.
In addition, the US has imposed economic sanctions on Sudan since However, after working and talking with the Sudanese government for years, the US formally revoked its sanctions on Sudan in On September 17, , British Prime Minister Tony Blair wrote an open letter to the members of the European Union calling for a unified response to the crisis.
Both China and Russia have blocked many United Nations resolutions on Darfur because of their support for the Sudanese government, a big trading partner. China invests heavily in Sudanese oil. Russia and China opposed UN peace keeping troops in Sudan. Since the ousting of Omar al-Bashir in early , the Sudanese government has established and retained a transitional government.
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